Th22 Cells Contribution in Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatic Diseases

Newly identified T helper cell 22 (Th22) is a subset of CD4+T cells with specific properties apart from other known CD4+ T cell subsets with distinguished gene expression and function. Th22 cells…
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Th22 cells in autoimmunity:  a review of current knowledge

Newly identified T helper cell 22 (Th22) is a subset of CD4+ T cells with specific properties apart from other known CD4+ T cell subsets. Th22 is obviously discrete from Th17 and Th1 subsets by production of interleukin (IL)-22 but not IL-17 or IFN-γ, and also with distinguished expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as the key transcription factor. This T helper subset, by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-22 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorder. This review discusses the role of Th22 and its cytokine IL-22 in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune disease including acute coronary syndrome, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet’s disease, type 1 and 2 diabetes and immune thrombocytopenia.
<p>Translating research into clinical practice. Arthritis Research & Therapy is a leading journal in the field of rheumatology and is notable for the breadth and quality of articles on the broad range of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. The…
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Th22 could almost be subsumed under the dominant Th17, just as Th9 could have been under Th2. But they are distinct: Th22 cells do not produce Th17, just as Th9 cells do not enumerate IL4; among other differences like cell surface markers.
What is more clinically relevant is their distinct contributions to host defence in health, and pathogenesis in disease. While Th9 evidently plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Psoriatic Arthritis, Th22 cells were preferentially distributed in psoriatic skin in contrast to psoriatic synovium.
As our understanding of the biology of the newer T-helper subsets (Th9 and Th22) improve, it may help us understand why treatments like Secukinumab and Ustekinumab used in the treatment of broadly Th17-mediated diseases can result in surprisingly divergent effects.
Psoriasis is not “forme fruste” Psoriatic Arthritis, neither is Ulcerative Colitis “limited” Crohn’s Disease. Th22 and Th9 may be nuancing Th1, Th2 and Th17 to differentiate these phenotypes.


Interleukin-9 and T helper type 9 cells in rheumatic diseases

Figure 1.
Clinical & Experimental Immunology Explore this journal > Explore this journal > Next article in issue: Human islets and dendritic cells generate post-translationally modified islet autoantigens Next article in issue: Human islets and dendritic cells generate post-translationally modified islet auto…
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Gut levels of IL-9, Th9 may be markers in patients with PsA

A recently published study showed interleukin-9 and T helper 9 cells identified in the gut microbiome of patients with psoriatic arthritis and may play a role in…
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Interleukin-9 Overexpression and Th9 Polarization Characterize the Inflamed Gut, the Synovial Tissue, and the Peripheral Blood of Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis

Arthritis & Rheumatology

Arthritis & Rheumatology Explore this journal > Explore this journal > Previous article in issue: Brief Report: Secukinumab Provides Significant and Sustained Inhibition of Joint Structural Damage in a Phase III Study of Active Psoriatic Arthritis Previous article in issue: Brief Report: Secukinumab…
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